Request your free, three-month trial to Tabletalk magazine. You’ll receive the print issue monthly and gain immediate digital access to decades of archives. This trial is risk-free. No credit card required.
Try Tabletalk NowAlready receive Tabletalk magazine every month?
Verify your email address to gain unlimited access.
Matthew 5:21–26
“You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder; and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.’ But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be liable to the hell of fire” (vv. 21–22).
The twenty-first-century church faces many challenges, not the least of which is widespread misunderstanding of the ethics of Jesus. Popular portrayals and understandings of Christ see Him in the mold of one who had a “live and let live” attitude, who made no real moral demands. According to these portrayals, Jesus certainly had nothing to say about human sexuality, and He never would have been so narrow-minded as to preach that salvation is available only for those who trust in Him.
Regrettably, these depictions of Jesus have shaped the thinking of too many Christians, leading them to believe that our Lord opposes law with love. Contributing to this problem has been misinterpretations of texts such as today’s passage. On our first reading, at least, Jesus appears to be correcting the law of God, which implies that the Mosaic legislation is not a sound guide to making ethical decisions.
Dr. R.C. Sproul often notes that we must read the text of Scripture carefully and give it the benefit of a second glance. When we do that with Matthew 5:21–26, we realize that Jesus was not “correcting” God’s law at all. Jesus introduced the principle He was correcting with the statement, “You have heard that it was said.” Why is this significant? First-century Jews prefaced their citations of Scripture with the phrase, “It is written.” Jesus Himself followed this practice (Matt. 4:4), and we also see it in the Apostles’ writings (Rom. 1:17; 1 Peter 1:16). “You have heard that it was said” identified the Pharisees’ oral tradition, the body of unwritten interpretations of Scripture that the rabbis passed down from one teacher to another. Matthew 5:21–26 records not Jesus’ correction of Scripture but His correction of the Pharisees’ misinterpretation of Scripture.
Our Lord, in truth, taught an ethic grounded firmly in God’s law. No one statement can say everything, so we understand that the commandments are elliptical statements. They include certain aspects that are tacitly understood. Every commandment has both negative and positive aspects, not all of which are stated explicitly. Negatively, the law against murder proscribes unjustfied killing and it also proscribes the unjustified anger at the root of every murder. Positively, the law against murder enjoins the safeguarding of innocent lives. Christ’s teaching in today’s passage reveals the depth of the commandment against murder, thereby emphasizing, not diminishing, the importance of God’s law for Christian ethics.
Coram Deo Living before the face of God
Christians are ambassadors of Christ, representatives of His sovereign reign over creation. As such, we have a special responsibility to represent our Lord’s actual teaching. The only way we can do that is through careful study of our Savior’s words. Sitting regularly under the preached Word of God, personal Bible study, small-group Bible studies, and other such things are how we will grow in our understanding of the words of Jesus.
For Further Study
- Psalm 119:96
- Isaiah 48:17–19
- Mark 7:1–13
- 1 Corinthians 7:19
Related Scripture
- Matthew